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  3. /Rajesh Swaminathan
  4. /Briefing
Pre-Pitch Briefing

Rajesh Swaminathan

Partner at Khosla Ventures

Check size: No personal check range is published. Khosla finances early technical experiments through its Seed Fund and larger early-to-late opportunities through its Main Fund; historical firm commentary described many seed investments around $1M–$2M. These figures are not Rajesh's personal authority.

Pre-SeedSeedSeries AEarly StageGrowthRenewable EnergyIndustrial DecarbonizationAdvanced ManufacturingCritical MineralsCompute InfrastructureArtificial IntelligenceSemiconductorsNetwork InfrastructureClimate TechnologyHealthcare Technology

Their Thesis

Rajesh backs bold founders reinventing how the world powers, builds, and heals itself. His two decades in corporate venture, startups, and network systems inform an industrial-scale lens across renewables, decarbonization, advanced manufacturing, critical minerals, compute infrastructure, and the convergence of those fields with AI. The core question is whether a technical advance can survive scale-up and reshape the economics of a foundational system.

How to Pitch Them

Quantify the incumbent system and the improvement: energy, materials, throughput, yield, cost, carbon, reliability, or health outcome. Explain scientific proof, scale-up path, manufacturing and supply chain, critical inputs, partners, permitting or certification, capital needs, and adoption economics. Break financing into explicit risk-removal milestones and show why the end market is enormous enough to justify physical-world complexity.

What Excites Them

Bold technical founders taking on essential physical systems, large global markets, differentiated science or engineering, and a credible scale path. His global portfolio experience suggests particular sensitivity to manufacturing ecosystems, strategic partners, capital intensity, deployment geography, and how AI can improve industrial or compute systems rather than decorate them.

What They Pass On

Khosla's published criteria imply weak fit for incremental green claims, projects with no proprietary advantage, technologies that cannot reach commercial scale or cost parity, small markets, capital plans without staged risk removal, and teams that omit supply chain, manufacturing, infrastructure, or deployment realities.

Key Frameworks

Power–build–heal impact map

Classify the core system being changed, quantify its global economic and resource burden, and show the technical mechanism by which the startup delivers a step-function improvement.

Industrial scale-up staircase

Stage proof from lab result to pilot, yield and reliability, supply chain, first commercial deployment, repeatable plant or manufacturing design, and financeable global rollout.

Critical-input constraint map

Identify scarce minerals, equipment, energy, compute, suppliers, permitting, and strategic partners; model how each constraint behaves at 10x and 100x deployment before underwriting scale.

AI–physical convergence test

Require AI to improve a measurable physical outcome—yield, uptime, energy, speed, quality, autonomy, or discovery—and verify the data and control loop survives real operating conditions.

Khosla Ventures Portfolio

Top Sectors

materials technology1
AI1
Payments1
Energy1
Healthcare1

Stage Distribution

Series B2
IPO2
Series I1
Series D1
Series G1
Kamautx
Liberatebio
Egenesisbio
Targeting cells that cause aging
Cellinobio
AI lab building world models
Low CO₂ cement cheaper than regular
Herthametals
Square (Block)
$5.0M
Oklo
$5.0M

+ 142 more investments. View fund →

← Full profileKhosla Ventures website